New Unified Force in the Sahel: Aiming for Cohesion Amid Challenges

Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger are embarking on a significant military venture aimed at enhancing regional security. Their newly formed Unified Force, comprising 6,000 troops, aims to bolster coordination against escalating jihadist violence while addressing the need for local sovereignty and resilience. This initiative reflects the three nations’ determination to forge a stronger alliance amidst complex regional dynamics.

A Historic Launch Amid Regional Tensions

Launched in December 2025, the Unified Force is headquartered in Niamey, Niger, marking the third major attempt by these Sahel states to establish a collaborative security framework. Their previous efforts, including the Multinational Joint Task Force in 2017 and the G5 Sahel Joint Force later that year, struggled to achieve their objectives. The G5, which included Mali, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Niger, and Chad, became ineffective after Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger withdrew following a series of coups. These governments viewed the G5 initiative as an extension of Western, particularly French, influence, which they are keen to move away from.

Learning from Past Experiences

Critically, the AES (Alliance of Sahel States) Unified Force seeks to learn from the shortcomings of the G5 Sahel Joint Force. The G5 struggled with limited funding, a lack of essential air resources, and operational inefficiencies that constrained its capabilities. Despite conducting numerous operations that resulted in hundreds of terrorist neutralizations, the force ultimately failed to stifle the growth of terrorist threats in the region.

Now, as the AES Unified Force steps onto the scene, its architects are prioritizing both operational autonomy and financial independence. Interestingly, while the previous G5 was heavily reliant on external funding, the new force plans to utilize domestic resources for financial sustainability. Member states are implementing various funding mechanisms, including Burkina Faso’s Patriotic Support Fund, Niger’s Solidarity Fund, and Mali’s Support Fund for Infrastructure and Development Projects.

Enhanced Operational Design

One of the significant changes with the AES Unified Force is its structural design, aimed at overcoming former limitations. Unlike the G5, which restricted its battalions to specific geographic sectors, the Unified Force will operate without such constraints. Troops will have full operational authority, allowing for rapid deployment across borders without delays from national general staffs—a crucial factor for effective immediate response.

This flexibility will exist alongside a need for navigation within the national security frameworks of the three countries. Ensuring alignment with each nation’s defense forces is vital for maximizing the Unified Force’s potential and avoiding the pitfalls of isolated operational tactics that have characterized interventions in the past.

Regional Cooperation as Essential Strategy

To underline its effectiveness, the AES Unified Force cannot operate in isolation. Collaboration with neighboring nations—such as Nigeria, Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, and others in the Gulf of Guinea—is crucial. A coordinated approach will help combat the intricate networks of violent extremism and crime that cross borders, illustrating the interconnected nature of regional security.

Moreover, lessons from recent military exercises, such as the 2024 Tarha Nakal conducted by member countries alongside Chad and Togo, will inform future strategies. This exercise demonstrated a crucial ability to coordinate resources and share intelligence among the participating nations.

Opportunities for Diplomatic Engagement

Recognizing the importance of a multilateral approach, the African Union can play a pivotal role in mediating tensions and fostering military collaboration among AES countries and their West African neighbors. By promoting cooperation between regional anti-terrorism forces and the AES Unified Force, the AU can help build trust that may lead to more effective counter-terrorism strategies.

While political differences remain between AES countries and their neighbors, particularly regarding military alliances, a pragmatic approach focusing on security needs will be vital for regional stability.

In summary, the formation of the AES Unified Force signals a significant shift in the Sahel’s security landscape, emphasizing local autonomy and collaboration. Its success will depend on addressing past mistakes, enhancing operational frameworks, and fostering regional partnerships. As nations navigate the complexities of security in the Sahel, their willingness to adapt and learn from history will be crucial in shaping a more stable future for the region.

— Reported by Nexio News