WHO Declares Ebola Bundibugyo Virus Outbreak in DRC and Uganda a Global Health Emergency
Geneva, May 17, 2026 – The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the ongoing Ebola Bundibugyo virus disease (BVD) outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Uganda a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). The announcement, made on May 17, 2026, follows consultations with affected countries and an assessment by WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
The outbreak, caused by the Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), a strain of the Ebola virus, has been classified as a significant threat to global health. However, WHO clarified that the current situation does not meet the criteria for a pandemic emergency. The declaration triggers a coordinated international response aimed at containing the outbreak and preventing its spread across borders.
The Outbreak’s Scope and Challenges
The DRC remains the epicenter of the outbreak, with WHO assessing the risk level as “very high.” Uganda, which has reported two confirmed cases linked to cross-border transmission from the DRC, faces a “high” risk level. Notably, no onward transmission has been documented in Uganda as of May 22, 2026.
The Bundibugyo virus, first identified in 2007, presents unique challenges. Unlike other Ebola strains, there are currently no approved vaccines or treatments for BDBV. Control efforts rely heavily on traditional public health measures, including surveillance, contact tracing, infection prevention, and community engagement.
The outbreak’s complexity is compounded by the challenging operational environment in eastern DRC, where ongoing conflict and humanitarian crises hinder response efforts. WHO emphasized the need for tailored strategies that consider local contexts to ensure effective containment.
Temporary Recommendations Issued
Following the PHEIC declaration, WHO issued temporary recommendations to guide national and international responses. These include:
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National Coordination and Emergency Measures
Countries with confirmed cases, including the DRC and Uganda, are urged to declare national health emergencies and activate emergency response mechanisms. This includes establishing emergency operation centers to coordinate multi-sectoral efforts. -
Enhanced Surveillance and Contact Tracing
Health systems must strengthen surveillance, conduct active case finding, and monitor contacts for 21 days after exposure. Rapid response teams should investigate alerts within 24 hours. -
Risk Communication and Community Engagement
Trust-building initiatives are critical to ensure community participation in outbreak control. Local leaders, religious figures, and traditional healers are essential allies in promoting protective behaviors and combating stigma. -
Infection Prevention and Control
Health facilities must implement strict infection control protocols, including proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and training for healthcare workers. Nosocomial infections must be minimized to protect both patients and staff. -
Patient Care and Safe Burials
Dedicated isolation centers must be established to provide humane, patient-centered care. Safe and dignified burial practices are essential to prevent transmission during funeral rites. -
Border Health and Travel Measures
Countries sharing borders with affected regions are advised to enhance surveillance at crossings and implement exit screening protocols. Travelers with symptoms consistent with BVD should not be allowed to travel unless part of a medical evacuation.
What Lies Ahead
WHO underscored the importance of international collaboration and resource mobilization to support affected countries. The organization also called for accelerated research into potential vaccines and treatments for the Bundibugyo virus.
Dr. Tedros warned that the outbreak’s evolution remains uncertain, urging all nations to remain vigilant and prepared. “This is a reminder that global health security is only as strong as its weakest link,” he said.
The WHO Emergency Committee will continue to monitor the situation, providing updated recommendations as needed.
— Reported by Nexio News
